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When you need to transport goods commercially in France, the Lettre de Transport serves as your essential legal contract between the shipper, carrier, and recipient. This mandatory document establishes the terms of carriage, describes the goods being transported, and provides legal protection for all parties involved in the transportation process.

When do you need this document?

You must use a Lettre de Transport for any commercial transportation of goods within France or when French territory is part of an international route. This applies whether you're a manufacturer shipping products to retailers, an e-commerce business sending orders to customers, or a logistics company handling freight for clients. The document is required for road transport, and variations exist for rail, air, and maritime transport. Even if you're using a third-party logistics provider, you need to ensure proper documentation is in place to protect your interests and comply with French transport regulations.

Key legal considerations

Your Lettre de Transport must include complete identification of all parties with their SIRET numbers, detailed description of goods including nature, quantity, weight, and packaging, specific transport conditions covering pickup and delivery details, and clear pricing and payment terms. The carrier's liability is generally limited under the Convention CMR, but you can negotiate higher coverage or purchase additional insurance. Pay particular attention to delivery timeframes and any special handling instructions, as these become contractually binding once documented. The document also serves as proof of delivery, so ensure signature procedures are clearly defined to avoid disputes over completed deliveries.

Legal requirements in France

Under the Code des transports and D茅cret n掳 2017-461, your Lettre de Transport must contain specific mandatory information to be legally valid. The document can be issued electronically, provided it meets digital signature requirements under French law. The Loi Gayssot imposes additional safety and working time regulations that may affect transport conditions and pricing. For international shipments involving France, Convention CMR rules apply even when part of the route is domestic. You must retain copies of transport documents for at least one year for tax and regulatory compliance. Failure to properly document transport operations can result in fines and may void your insurance coverage in case of loss or damage.